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Thursday, November 7, 2013

Alcohol ads reaching too many young people in TV markets across the United States

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

7-Nov-2013

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Contact: Tim Parsons
tmparson@jhsph.edu
410-955-7619
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

Youth exposure to alcohol advertisements would be reduced if alcohol marketers considered local ratings data

In twenty-five of the largest television markets in the U.S., almost 1 in 4 alcohol advertisements on a sample of national TV programs most popular with youth exceeded the alcohol industry's voluntary standards, according to researchers from the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The report, published in CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, found that the percentage of alcohol advertisements that exceeded the industry standard for youth exposure on these programs was highest in Houston (31.5%), followed by Los Angeles (30%), Dallas (29.7%), Atlanta (27.6%) and Chicago (27.5%). If this advertising were eliminated and not replaced, the researchers estimate that total youth exposure to alcohol advertising on these programs could drop by as much as one-third.

"Underage drinking harms teens, their families and their communities," said CDC Director Tom Frieden, M.D. M.P.H. "Exposing teens to alcohol advertising undermines what parents and other concerned adults are doing to raise healthy kids."

Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among young people, accounting for an estimated 4,700 deaths among underage youth in the U.S. each year. At least 14 long-term studies have shown that exposure to alcohol marketing increases the chances that underage youth will begin drinkingand drink more if they dofurther increasing the risk of health problems such as car crashes, violence, sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancy.

According to a voluntary standard adopted in 2003, alcohol companies agreed not to place any ads (0%) on television programs where greater than 30 percent of the audience was likely to be younger than 21. The new report marks the first time researchers have used local ratings data to assess youth exposure, and the findings reflect differences in the number of underage viewers and the television viewing practices of youths in these cities.

"This study indicates that the alcohol industry's self-regulation of alcohol advertising could be improved," said study author and CAMY Director David Jernigan, PhD. "The potential public health pay-off in terms of reduced risk of underage drinking and harms related to it could be quite substantial."

The researchers assessed alcohol ad placements in 2010 for the ten programs with the largest numbers of youth viewers within each of four program categories (network sports, network non-sports, cable sports, and cable non-sports). Neilsen data were then used to assess exposure to alcohol ads placed on nationally telecast programs among the Nielsen sample of households in the 25 media markers, which are among the largest in the U.S. and account for roughly half of the total U.S. population aged 12-20 years living in homes with televisions.

"Alcohol industry codes have so far not specified whether companies should use local or national ratings data when purchasing alcohol advertising," said Jernigan. "This study suggests that by using readily-available information on the make-up of local TV audiences, advertisers could help reduce youth exposure to alcohol advertising."

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The research was funded by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth monitors the marketing practices of the alcohol industry to focus attention and action on industry practices that jeopardize the health and safety of America's youth. The Center was founded in 2002 at Georgetown University with funding from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The Center moved to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2008 and is currently funded by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For more information, visit http://www.camy.org.

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Alcohol ads reaching too many young people in TV markets across the United States

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

7-Nov-2013

[

| E-mail

]

Contact: Tim Parsons
tmparson@jhsph.edu
410-955-7619
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

Youth exposure to alcohol advertisements would be reduced if alcohol marketers considered local ratings data

###

The research was funded by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

[

| E-mail

Share

]

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-11/jhub-aar110613.php
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Senate OKs gay rights bill banning discrimination

Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, chairman of the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, talks to reporters after the Senate cleared a major hurdle and agreed to proceed to debate a bill that would prohibit workplace discrimination against gay, bisexual and transgender Americans, at the Capitol in Washington, Monday, Nov. 4, 2013. The bipartisan vote increases the chances that the Senate will pass the bill by week's end, but its prospects in the Republican-led House are dimmer. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

WASHINGTON (AP) — The Senate approved legislation outlawing workplace discrimination against gay, bisexual and transgender Americans, demonstrating the nation's quickly evolving attitude toward gay rights nearly two decades after Congress rejected same-sex marriage.

Fifty-four members of the Democratic majority and 10 Republicans voted Thursday for the first major gay rights bill since Congress repealed the ban on gays in the military three years ago. The vote in favor of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act was 64-32.

Two opponents of a similar measure 17 years ago, Arizona Republican Sen. John McCain, the presidential nominee in 2008, and Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah, backed the measure this time.

"We are about to make history in this chamber," Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine and a chief sponsor of the bill, said shortly before the vote.

The enthusiasm of the bill's supporters was tempered by the reality that the Republican-led House, where conservatives have a firm grip on the agenda, is unlikely to even vote on the legislation. Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, maintains his longstanding opposition to the measure, arguing that it is unnecessary and certain to create costly, frivolous lawsuits for businesses.

Outside conservative groups have cast the bill as anti-family.

President Barack Obama welcomed the vote and urged the House to act.

"One party in one house of Congress should not stand in the way of millions of Americans who want to go to work each day and simply be judged by the job they do," Obama said in a statement. "Now is the time to end this kind of discrimination in the workplace, not enable it."

Gay rights advocates hailed Senate passage as a major victory in a momentous year for the issue. The Supreme Court in June granted federal benefits to legally married same-sex couples, though it avoided a sweeping ruling that would have paved the way for same-sex unions nationwide. Illinois is on the verge of becoming the 15th state to legalize gay marriage along with the District of Columbia.

Supporters called the bill the final step in a long congressional tradition of trying to stop discrimination, coming nearly 50 years after enactment of the Civil Rights Act and 23 years after the Americans with Disabilities Act.

"Now we've finished the trilogy," Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, a chief sponsor of the disabilities law, said at a Capitol Hill news conference.

The first openly gay senator, Democrat Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin, called the vote a "tremendous milestone" that she will always remember throughout her time in the Senate.

Democrats echoed Obama in pushing for the House to act, with Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois reminding the GOP leader of the history of his party.

"The Republican Party in the United States of America came into being in the 1980s over the issue of slavery, and the man who embodied the ideals of that Republican Party was none other than Abraham Lincoln, who gave his life for his country to end discrimination," Durbin said. "Keep that proud Republican tradition alive."

In the Senate, opponents of the legislation remained mute through three days of debate, with no lawmaker speaking out. That changed on Thursday, as Republican Sen. Dan Coats of Indiana said the legislation would force employers to violate their religious beliefs, a direct counter to rights embodied in the Constitution.

"There's two types of discrimination here we're dealing with, and one of those goes to the very fundamental right granted to every American through our Constitution, a cherished value of freedom of expression and religion," Coats said.

The Senate rejected an amendment sponsored by Republican Sen. Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania that would have expanded the number of groups that are covered under the religious exemption. Opponents argued that it would undermine the core bill.

If the House fails to act on the bill, gay rights advocates are likely to press Obama to act unilaterally and issue an executive order barring anti-gay workplace discrimination by federal contractors.

Backers of the bill repeatedly described it as an issue of fairness.

"It is well past time that we, as elected representatives, ensure that our laws protect against discrimination in the workplace for all individuals, that we ensure ... some protections for those within the LGBT community," said Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, who described the diversity in her state.

Murkowski's support underscored the generational shift. Seventeen years ago, when a bill dealing with discrimination based on sexual orientation failed by one vote in the Senate, the senator's father, Frank, voted against it. That was the same year that Congress passed and President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act.

Current federal law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, race and national origin. But it doesn't stop an employer from firing or refusing to hire workers because they are gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender.

The bill would bar employers with 15 or more workers from using a person's sexual orientation or gender identity as the basis for making employment decisions, including hiring, firing, compensation or promotion. It would exempt religious institutions and the military.

By voice vote Wednesday, the Senate approved an amendment from Republican Sens. Rob Portman of Ohio and Kelly Ayotte of New Hampshire that would prevent federal, state and local governments from retaliating against religious groups that are exempt from the law.

Likely Senate approval of the overall bill reflects the nation's growing tolerance of gays and the GOP's political calculation as it looks for support beyond its core base of older voters. A Pew Research survey in June found that more Americans said homosexuality should be accepted rather than discouraged by society by a margin of 60 percent to 31 percent. Opinions were more evenly divided 10 years ago.

Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia have approved laws banning workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, and 17 of those also prohibit employers from discriminating based on gender identity.

About 88 percent of Fortune 500 companies have adopted nondiscrimination policies that include sexual orientation, according to the Human Rights Campaign. About 57 percent of those companies include gender identity.

Sens. Bob Casey, D-Pa., Tom Coburn, R-Okla., and Jeff Sessions, R-Ala., did not vote.

Associated PressSource: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-11-07-Gay%20Rights-Senate/id-a127626cfdca475c9f0281003988fe43
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The Patient English

Andrew Parker, John Sawers, Iain Lobban — Andrew Parker of MI5, John Sawers of MI6, and Iain Lobban of GCHQ testifying before the Intelligence and Security Committee, Nov. 7, 2013.

In the months since Edward Snowden exposed mass surveillance by the National Security Agency, the U.S. Congress has grilled the agency, its overseers, and its intelligence-community partners in several open hearings. The British Parliament, however, has conducted no such interrogations, despite Snowden’s revelations of similar surveillance by the United Kingdom. Today, the chiefs of Britain’s top three intelligence agencies—MI5, MI6, and GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters), testified together publicly for the first time before the parliament’s Intelligence and Security Committee. The session was a joke.

Will Saletan writes about politics, science, technology, and other stuff for Slate. He’s the author of Bearing Right. Follow him on Twitter.

I expected better. The Brits, after all, are the people who gave us Question Time, a daily ritual in which members of Parliament interrogate government ministers. Our public-affairs TV network, C-SPAN, treats this as a model of transparency, accountability, and lively debate. But in security matters, the U.K. has a long way to go. When the spy chiefs were asked in today’s committee session about domestic surveillance, they gave the same pat answers U.S. intelligence officials tried to peddle in early post-Snowden congressional hearings. They alluded to “safeguards,” “rigorous oversight,” and “internal rules.” The committee’s members failed to press for evidence or clarification.

The committee’s chairman, Sir Malcolm Rifkind, asked the spymasters why they had to monitor the entire public in order to catch evildoers. Sir Iain Lobban, the director of GCHQ, assured Rifkind that the government’s data harvesters don’t exceed what’s necessary and proper, since “there are very specific legal thresholds,” and “I don’t employ the type of people who would” spy on innocent civilians. “My people are motivated by saving lives,” Lobban sniffed.

In a congressional hearing, this is the kind of assertion that prompts somebody on the panel to ask for details. What legal thresholds? What internal rules? Instead, Rifkind thanked Lobban: “You’ve given a very full response.”

Ten minutes later, Rifkind asked Andrew Parker, the director general of MI5, for “specific examples” of damage done to British intelligence by the disclosure of surveillance methods. Parker offered to give the committee examples in closed session, but he assured Rifkind that thanks to GCHQ’s data collection, “there are real instances” of the government “finding terrorist plots that we would not otherwise find that we’re then able to thwart, which leads to lives being saved.” Again, this is the kind of assertion that often unravels under scrutiny in congressional hearings. But in the British forum, it went unchallenged.

Lobban claimed to have solid evidence. “What we have seen, over the last five months, is near daily discussion among some of our targets” showing damage from recent surveillance disclosures, he told the committee.

We’ve seen terrorist groups in the Middle East, in Afghanistan, and elsewhere in South Asia discussing the revelations in specific terms, in terms of the communications packages that they use, the communications packages that they wish to move to. … We have actually seen chat around specific terrorist groups, including close to home, discussing how to avoid what they now perceive to be vulnerable communications methods, or to how to select communications which they now perceive not to be exploitable.

At this point in an American hearing, you’d expect some congressman to ask the witness how we have such good intel on this “chat” if the bad guys have learned how to evade our surveillance. But nobody on the British panel raised that question.

Why was the interrogation so lame? I can imagine several reasons. The British spy agencies are only supporting actors in the surveillance story. The NSA is the main target, so Congress feels pressure to do something. Libertarianism and distrust of government are also less prevalent in the United Kingdom. One member of the British committee told the spy chiefs that in national polls, “about 60 percent of the public either think that you’ve got the right amount of powers, or indeed, some members of the public think you need more powers.” In addition, the Brits have a stronger faith in the decency of public servants. When NSA officials tell Congress that their employees are good people, we nod but persist. We want to know what laws and mechanisms are in place to prevent abuse.

Two other things about the hearing struck me as odd. One was this comment from Parker, the MI5 boss: “There have been times over the years when successive governments have offered my service greater powers and greater measures. And we’ve said they’re disproportionate and turned away from them.”

Source: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/frame_game/2013/11/british_surveillance_hearing_parliament_s_interrogation_of_u_k_spy_agencies.html
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Google Drive for iOS update adds multiple account support, single sign-in

Google Drive for iOS has received a fairly significant update, adding support for single sign-in, multiple accounts and proper iOS 7 support. Single sign-in lets you sign in to a Google app just by selecting your account if you're signed in to another Google app already installed on your device. This has been rolling out slowly across Google's suite of iOS apps, and is particularly convenient for those of us using many different Google services.

Multiple account support lets you switch between personal, work, and other accounts as well, all within the same app. This update also has better printing support, letting you print files with either Google Cloud Print or AirPrint.

This free update is available now on the App Store. Is Google Drive your cloud storage portal of choice?

Free - Download Now

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/UHbhlzS4ux8/story01.htm
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Pioneer's $299 DDJ-SB controller lets you spin records on the cheap (video)

You might have the ambition and desire to be the next Deadmau5, but the price of some DJ controllers aren't exactly wallet-friendly. Thankfully there are plenty of affordable options out there, and one of them has just arrived from Pioneer. Dubbed the DDJ-SB, it claims similar basic features and operability with DDJ-SX that debuted last year, but at almost half the cost. A 2-channel controller, the DDJ-SB uses the popular Serato DJ Intro software and touts two decks with large jog wheels for easy scratching, a "filter fade" function for smoother transitions, multiple performance pads and a USB interface so you can hook it up easily to your computer. Sure, you'll still need some knowhow to fully make use of it, but at only $299 each, you could invest your savings on a few DJ lessons. Head past the break for a video of the DDJ-SB in action.

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/07/pioneer-ddj-sb/?ncid=rss_truncated
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“A Heart Beating Around Her Finger”

The following is excerpted from Play at Work: How Games Inspire Breakthrough Thinking, by Adam Penenberg, published by Penguin.

In the late 1990s, Dr. Carla Pugh was working the night shift in the emergency room at Howard University Hospital when a stabbing victim was carted in. He was a John Doe: no wallet, no credit cards, no identification, unconscious. Paramedics had placed a bathmat-size piece of gauze on his chest, and when Pugh peered underneath it, she saw a deep slice in his right chest and a lung hanging out. With such extensive injuries, there should have been a lot more bleeding; but with so little blood loss, the man—despite the savage wounds—should have still been awake. They stripped off all the gauze and bandages when Pugh spotted a tiny hole in his chest. She realized the knife must have nicked his heart.

Holy crap, Pugh thought. “Put in a chest tube,” she ordered the resident on her team. “If we don’t get a gush of blood we’ll crack his chest.” When no red geyser was forthcoming, they prepped the patient for emergency surgery, inserting a breathing tube to get him oxygenated and help his heart beat. They rushed him to the operating room, where he flatlined.

The anesthetist readied paddles to shock his heart.

“No!” Pugh shouted. “Give me a scalpel!”

Everywhere I go, anything I see, touch, and feel is fair game for building a human being or a part.

Dr. Carla Pugh

There was no time for niceties. She poured sterile solution right out of the bottle, soaking her gloved hands and the knife—she wasn’t even wearing a surgical gown—and ripped open the man’s chest. Shoving her hand inside, she rooted around until she located the hole and plugged the leak with her finger. His heart jumped back to life.

It was 2 a.m. and there wasn’t time for the thoracic surgeon on call to get there. Pugh marveled at the feeling of a heart beating around her finger. In all of her years of training, she had never touched one as it pumped blood through a living, breathing human being. If a sharp object pierces a beating heart, the outer incision ends up wider than the one on the inner wall, which doesn’t move as much. Because it results in such an unusual shape, under normal circumstances doctors would cover the hole with a special patch made of soft metal and shaped like a bullhorn. The nurses couldn’t find any bullhorns that would fit, however, so they had to sew it closed the old-fashioned way. Pugh looked over to her resident, who was set to begin.

“You’re not stitching with my finger in here,” she said. One errant move and he could poke a hole in her finger or stitch her to him. Who knew if the patient was HIV-positive or plagued by other infections? Thinking quickly, she decided to tag team it: Pugh would start each stitch, since she could feel where her finger was, then pass the thread to the resident, which he would tie off. She would inch her finger over and they would repeat the process.

With the first stitch, blood squirted out. They had to hurry.

A few days later Dr. Pugh was making her rounds when she entered her John Doe’s room. She found him sitting up in a chair, smiling through a haze of painkillers.

“You look great!” she said, surprised at the transformation. “You almost died.”

“I heard,” he said. “You’re the one who saved my life.”

It was all over the hospital. Pugh had even earned a nickname: “Magic Finger.”

More than a decade after Pugh’s emergency-room heroics at Howard University, I’m in her lab at the University of Wisconsin hospital finishing up a hernia operation. Just about done—all I need to do is put in the last few stitches. The miniature camera attached to the end of the two long needles I’m clumsily manipulating doesn’t lie: I’m a lousy surgeon. Fortunately, the patient isn’t alive. In fact, he never lived—he’s actually a cloth box with different layers of mesh—which look like the internal organs of a human—and laparoscopic tools, all of which sit on a base consisting of two Frisbees.

If Pugh is disappointed in my performance, she doesn’t let on. After her close call with John Doe, she decided to make it her life’s work to improve training methods for surgeons and other physicians. No patient’s survival should depend on luck or happenstance; the only way to ensure that a doctor has the skills necessary to act in a broad range of emergencies is for her to practice, over and over. This ultimately brought Pugh here, where she runs the hospital’s simulation training center and is a leader in surgical education. The center has state-of-the-art medical simulators, including a $200,000 medical mannequin that mimics a patient in distress. It cries out in pain, wheezes, coughs, and dies at least a few times a week.

The training device I performed surgery on was Pugh’s invention: A laparoscopic ventral hernia simulator, a relatively low-tech gizmo compared to the hospital’s high-definition surgical simulations. Low-tech is precisely the point. Pugh built it to mimic how surgery feels from the vantage point of a surgeon. It deploys the same tools used in a typical laparoscopic procedure: the same scope, mesh, suture, and instruments. Residents and other trainees can locate the hernia defect using the laparoscopic camera, determine how to repair it, judge the best stitching methods, and select the appropriate size and type of repair mesh. After completing the “operation,” the trainee can pull back a flap and look closely at the stitching. Pugh cobbled the device together from off-the-shelf parts procured from various stores and cloth: cotton, silk, burlap, polypropylene and other synthetics.

Touch in medicine is not hard to quantify but difficult to explain. Because more and more surgeons perform operations wholly in simulations while their patients lie across the room, doctors can go their entire careers without ever touching the inside of a patient. That’s why Pugh has embraced analog teaching methods in a digital world. She has created a bevy of simulations for surgical procedures, all of which are made from layers of different types of cloth to mimic human’s insides, and none of which have sensors. There’s one that mimics part of the Whipple procedure for patients with pancreatic cancer, others to simulate the removal of a tumor from the colon and an operation on large or small intestines, and another that simulates another kind of hernia procedure. She has these high-touch simulators made by a fabric vendor who she trained and who keeps all the proceeds.

Pugh also added a baby delivery simulator to her line of sims. She formed the birth canal out of liquid latex shaped into a pelvis and performed surgery on dolls by widening their shoulders and using a metal frame to extend them.

“I made their heads bigger or smaller,” she says, “because different sizes and shapes may make it difficult for them to be pulled through the birth canal.”

Her first simulation was a pelvic exam in a box. She taught herself C++ coding, ripped apart a mannequin, and placed sensors at various points—off-the-shelf microprocessors that measured pressure on a scale of 1 to 10. There was no textbook to tell her where to situate them; she guessed based on her own experience. The sensors enabled the simulator to offer feedback never before available on palpation: the use of touch in clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The results were displayed on a computer screen, which helped guide a user’s hands to the right places and apply a suitable amount of pressure.

Pugh began placing sensors in all manner of mannequins: harvesting them from medical supply stores, then customizing them. She built one to mimic a prostate, another the rectum, a third, breasts. She scoured art supply, fabric, and hobby shops, hardware stores, and even Toys R Us. She checked out porn shops to inquire about penises—circumcised and noncircumcised, erect and soft, in different sizes and shapes—which shopkeepers found hilarious.

“Everywhere I go, anything I see, touch, and feel is fair game for building a human being or a part,” Pugh says.

Then she came up with the idea to mimic specific diseases. Through trial and error, she discovered that various tumors could be represented by anything from dried lima beans to glass beads, from hard rubber balls to pom-poms encased in oily condoms. Lentils embedded in rubber were particularly good for mimicking fibrocystic breast changes, a noncancerous condition, and she melted plastic to imitate cysts or thickened tissue. She filled simulated breasts with “tumors” and lumps represented by lentils, beans, and clay; she sliced the edges off ice cube trays and embedded the slats in foam to make ribs. Squishy balls did a nice job of representing ovarian masses; hard wooden balls worked well for ovarian cancers.

“I use lots of water balloons, lots of condoms, lots and lots of arts and crafts,” Pugh says. “I take my team on field trips to the hobby shop and tell them ‘I need a rock hard tumor of various sizes.’ ”

Building human beings out of common, everyday parts earned Carla “Magic Finger” Pugh another nickname: a “medical McGyver.” It’s one she relishes.

Excerpted from Play at Work: How Games Inspire Breakthrough Thinking, by Adam Penenberg, published by Penguin.

Source: http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2013/11/close_call_in_the_er_how_one_desperate_young_doctor_became_a_surgical_visionary.html
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The Patient English

Will Saletan writes about politics, science, technology, and other stuff for Slate. He’s the author of Bearing Right. Follow him on Twitter.

We’ve seen terrorist groups in the Middle East, in Afghanistan, and elsewhere in South Asia discussing the revelations in specific terms, in terms of the communications packages that they use, the communications packages that they wish to move to. … We have actually seen chat around specific terrorist groups, including close to home, discussing how to avoid what they now perceive to be vulnerable communications methods, or to how to select communications which they now perceive not to be exploitable.

Source: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/frame_game/2013/11/british_surveillance_hearing_parliament_s_interrogation_of_u_k_spy_agencies.html
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